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This report provides an update on the global status and progress of the adaptation process across three elements: planning, financing, and implementation. This edition also focuses on the effectiveness of adaptation and considers adaptation-mitigation co-benefits. Chandni Singh, senior researcher at IIHS, led Chapter 5 of the report as a Coordinating Lead Author. The chapter discusses the effectiveness of adaptation measures in addressing climate change and its impacts. It highlights the need for a pluralistic approach to adaptation that includes genuine inclusion and co-production, and encourages the use of a wider range of metrics to assess adaptation effectiveness and equity. The chapter also provides principles for effective adaptation, including risk assessment, consideration of future risks, and building the capacity of stakeholders to adapt.