The project examined issues of vulnerability and climate adaptation options and strategies with a focus on identifying barriers and enablers to effective, widespread and sustained adaptation. The project provided an Africa- and India-comparative framework while thinking about adaptation strategies, and therefore, recognised the potential of learning from successful strategies in different contexts. The project included a year-long Regional Diagnostic Studies (RDS) phase, a four-year long Regional Research Programme (RRP), and a parallel five-year-long process of Research into Use (RiU). IIHS led the South Asia research group, comprising the Watershed Organisation Trust (WOTR) and the Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE).